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សេចក្តីជឿជាក់លើខ្លួនឯង
បញ្ជាក់ខ្លួនឯងជាឱឡារឹក
១.ខ្ញុំឧទ្ទិសដើរលើវិថីរបស់ខ្ញុំ ដោយមានឬគ្មានអ្នកដទៃ។
I am committed to my path, with or without others.
២.ខ្ញុំមានសម្ភារៈជំនួយនៅក្នុងខ្លួនយកជំនះលើរឿងនេះ។
I have the tools within me to get through this.
៣.ខ្ញុំបន្តទៅមុខនៅក្នុងស្ថានភាពនេះ។
I am moving towards in this situation.
៤.នេះជាសិទ្ធិដ៏សក្តិសិទ្ធរបស់ខ្ញុំដើម្បីទទួលយកនិងជឿលើខ្លួនឯង។
It is my divine rights to accept and believe in myself.
៥.ខ្ញុំគឺល្អិតសុខុម មិនអាចកាត់ថ្លៃបាន និងប្រកបដោយគុណតំលៃខ្ពស់។
I am unique, invaluable, and worthy.
ទស្សនៈវិជ្ជានយោបាយដ៏ល្បីល្បាញរបស់ John locke (1632-1704)
ទស្សនៈវិជ្ជានយោបាយដ៏ល្បីល្បាញរបស់ John locke (1632-1704)
Op-Ed: Mao Sokha
ទស្សនវិជ្ជានយោបាយដ៏ល្បីល្បាញ និងដ៏មានឥទ្ធិពលបំផុតរបស់ចន ឡក គឺមានសរសេរនៅក្នុងសៀវភៅ ដែលមានចំណងជើងជាភាសាអង់គ្លេសថា “Two Treatises of Government” ដោយនៅក្នុងនោះ ចន ឡក សរសេរអំពីគោលគំនិតសំខាន់ៗរបស់លោក ទាក់ទងនឹងប្រភពនៃធម្មានុរូបភាពរបស់រដ្ឋ និងអំណាចរបស់មេដឹកនាំ។
ខ្សែសង្វាក់នៃទឡ្ហីករណ៍របស់ ចន ឡក ចំពោះបញ្ហានេះ គឺដូចគ្នាទៅនឹងថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍ដែរ ពោលគឺ ចន ឡក ចាប់ផ្តើមពីការពិចារណាទៅលើសភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស មុនពេលការបង្កើតជាសហគមន៍ ឬជារដ្ឋ តាមរយៈកិច្ចព្រមព្រៀងគ្នាមួយ ដែលគេឲ្យឈ្មោះថា “កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម”។ ក៏ប៉ុន្តែ ថ្វីដ្បិតតែមានខ្សែសង្វាក់នៃទឡ្ហីករណ៍ដូចគ្នា តែគោលគំនិតរបស់ ចន ឡក ទៅលើសភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស និងកិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម គឺផ្ទុយគ្នាស្រឡះពីគោលគំនិតរបស់ថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍។
យោងតាមថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍ ធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស គឺអាត្មានិយម ចូលចិត្តប្រកួតប្រជែងគ្នា និងប្រើកម្លាំងបាយ ហើយនៅក្នុងសភាពធម្មជាតិដើមរបស់មនុស្ស គឺពោរពេញទៅដោយភាពអនាធិបតេយ្យ និងសង្រ្គាមជាប់ជាប្រចាំ។ ចន ឡកវិញ យល់ឃើញផ្ទុយពីនេះស្រឡះ។
យោងតាម ចន ឡក ធម្មជាតិដើមរបស់មនុស្ស គឺល្អ ហើយនៅក្នុងសភាពធម្មជាតិ មនុស្សមានសិទ្ធិសេរីភាពពេញលេញ ហើយជាសិទ្ធិសេរីភាពស្មើៗគ្នា ដោយគ្មានឋានានុក្រម។ សម្រាប់ចន ឡក សភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស មិនមែនពោរពេញទៅដោយភាពអនាធិបតេយ្យ និងសង្រ្គាមជាប់ជាប្រចាំនោះទេ ពីព្រោះថា នៅក្នុងសភាពធម្មជាតិនេះក៏មានច្បាប់របស់វាដែរ គឺ “ច្បាប់ធម្មជាតិ” ហើយមនុស្សគ្រប់រូបសុទ្ធតែដឹងថាអ្វីជាអំពើល្អ អ្វីជាអំពើអាក្រក់ ហើយទង្វើណាមួយ វាស្រប ឬផ្ទុយនឹងច្បាប់ធម្មជាតិ។ អ្វីដែលចោទជាបញ្ហា នៅក្នុងសភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស គឺការអនុវត្តច្បាប់ធម្មជាតិ។ នៅក្នុងសភាពធម្មជាតិ មនុស្សម្នាក់ៗដឹងថាទង្វើណាមួយជាទង្វើល្មើសនឹងច្បាប់ធម្មជាតិ ហើយអ្នកប្រព្រឹត្តល្មើសត្រូវទទួលទណ្ឌកម្ម។ ក៏ប៉ុន្តែ សំណួរចោទឡើងថា តើអ្នកណាជាធានានូវការអនុវត្តច្បាប់នេះ? តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកកំណត់អំពីទណ្ឌកម្ម ហើយអ្នកណាជាអ្នកអនុវត្តទណ្ឌកម្មដែលបានកំណត់?
សរុបមកវិញ តាមគំនិតរបស់ចន ឡក បញ្ហាចោទនៃសភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្សមិនមែនសង្រ្គាមនោះទេ គឺបញ្ហាអយុត្តិធម៌។ ដូច្នេះ មនុស្សត្រូវការបង្កើតជារដ្ឋ មិនមែនដើម្បីចេញពីស្ថានភាពសង្រ្គាមនោះទេ តែដើម្បីចេញពីស្ថានភាពអយុត្តិធម៌ ហើយការព្រមព្រៀងដាក់ខ្លួនក្រោមអំណាចរដ្ឋ (តាមរយៈកិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម) ក៏មិនមែនជាការបោះបង់ទាំងស្រុងនូវសិទ្ធិសេរីភាពរបស់ខ្លួន ដើម្បីជាថ្នូរនឹងការធានាសុវត្ថិភាពផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន ដូចទ្រឹស្តីរបស់ថូមាស់ ហបស៍នោះដែរ តែផ្ទុយទៅវិញ គឺគ្រាន់តែជាការបោះបង់នូវសេរីភាពមួយផ្នែក ដើម្បីជាថ្នូរនឹងការធានានូវការអនុវត្តសិទ្ធិមួយផ្នែកទៀតដែលនៅសេសសល់ ហើយដែលជាសិទ្ធិធម្មជាតិគ្មានអ្នកណាដកហូតបាន រួមមានដូចជា សិទ្ធិរស់រានមានជីវិត និងសិទ្ធិលើកម្មសិទ្ធិឯកជន ជាដើម។
ទស្សនាទានខុសគ្នា រវាង ចន ឡក និងថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍ ស្តីពីសភាពធម្មជាតិរបស់មនុស្ស បាននាំទៅរកសេចក្តីសន្និដ្ឋានផ្ទុយគ្នា ស្តីពីអំណាចរបស់មេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋ។
តាមទស្សនៈរបស់ថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍ នៅពេលដែលបុគ្គលម្នាក់ៗព្រមព្រៀងគ្នាផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងទៅឲ្យមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋ តាមរយៈ “កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម” សិទ្ធិអំណាចនោះនឹងត្រូវផ្ទេរជារៀងរហូត ដោយមិនអាចដកហូតមកវិញបាន ហើយបើទោះបីជាមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋចេញសេចក្តីសម្រេច ឬដាក់ចេញនូវនយោបាយ ឬធ្វើច្បាប់ណាមួយ ដែលធ្វើឲ្យប្រជាជនមិនសប្បាយចិត្ត ឬគ្មានភាពយុត្តិធម៌ ក៏ប្រជាជននៅតែត្រូវបន្តដាក់ខ្លួនក្រោមអំណាចមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋនោះដដែល។ គោលគំនិតនេះហើយ ដែលនាំថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍ឲ្យមានទំនោរទៅរករបៀបដឹកនាំបែបរាជានិយមផ្តាច់ការ ហើយបិទផ្លូវមិនឲ្យប្រជាជនមានលទ្ធភាពរើបម្រះប្រឆាំងនឹងមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋ។
ចន ឡកវិញ មានទស្សនៈផ្ទុយស្រះពីថូម៉ាស់ ហបស៍។ ចន ឡកយល់ថា នៅក្នុង “កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម” ប្រជាជនមិនបានផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិអំណាចទៅឲ្យមេដឹកនាំទាំងអស់ និងជាអចិន្រ្តៃយ៍នោះទេ ហើយកិច្ចសន្យានេះ ក៏មិនមែនធ្វើឡើងតែរវាងប្រជាជនគ្នាឯងនោះដែរ ពោលគឺមានមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋជាភាគីនៃកិច្ចសន្យា។ នៅក្នុង “កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម” របស់ ចន ឡក បុគ្គល និងបុគ្គល ព្រមព្រៀងគ្នាផ្ទេរសិទ្ធិមួយផ្នែកទៅឲ្យរដ្ឋ ដោយគ្រប់គ្នាសុខចិត្តដាក់ខ្លួនឲ្យស្ថិតក្រោមអំណាចរបស់រដ្ឋ ចំណែករដ្ឋវិញ ដែលទទួលសិទ្ធិអំណាចពីប្រជាជន ត្រូវជាប់កាតព្វកិច្ចធានានូវយុត្តិធម៌ ក្នុងការអនុវត្តសិទ្ធិមួយផ្នែកដែលនៅសេសសល់របស់ប្រជាជន។
ដូច្នេះ តាមទស្សនៈរបស់ចន ឡក ទំនាក់ទំនង រវាងប្រជាជន និងមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋ គឺជាទំនាក់ទំនងក្នុងឋានៈជាភាគីនៃកិច្ចសន្យា ពោលគឺ ភាគីនីមួយៗ (ប្រជាជនក៏ដូចជាមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋ)
ត្រូវមានទាំងសិទ្ធិ និងទាំងកាតព្វកិច្ច ហើយការគោរពសិទ្ធិ និងកាតព្វកិច្ចទៅវិញទៅមកនេះ គឺជាមូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះ ដើម្បីធានានូវសុពលភាពនៃ “កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម”។
Read More …Cambodia’s modern slavery nightmare: the human trafficking crisis overlooked by authorities
Cambodia’s modern slavery nightmare: the human trafficking crisis overlooked by authorities
Op-Ed: The Guardians
Despite promises by government to eradicate trafficking rings, people are still being sold in Cambodia and forced to run online scams
Lindsey Kennedy, Nathan Paul Southern and Huang Yan, Wed 2 Nov 2022 23.59 GMT
Sihanoukville, Cambodia, and made his way to the second floor, where his friend, another victim of trafficking, was waiting. The two had hatched a desperate plan to escape the modern slavery nightmare they’d been in since Xu was sold to an online scam company in the same building three months earlier, believing a well-paid data entry job awaited him.
They jumped from the balcony onto the first floor of the building next door, hoping to climb down to the ground and run. But Xu landed badly, injuring his spine.
“It was so painful and I couldn’t stand up. My friend ran away and left me when he saw I was injured,” he says. “The managers thought I’d die so they didn’t take me back into the building, they just stood watching and laughing at me.”
Xu crawled to a road, where a Cambodian tuk-tuk driver found him and drove him to a hospital, which then transferred him to the capital, Phnom Penh. A doctor there suggested he call Chen Baorong, the Chinese founder of a volunteer organisation dedicated to rescuing people like Xu who had been duped into travelling to Cambodia’s crime-ridden casino towns with the promise of work, only to find themselves trafficked into forced labour, scamming strangers online.
Chen came at once. But before he could help Xu find a way home to China, he was arrested.Chen’s work was said to have enraged a local governor, who was quoted by local media as saying that Chen had caused “headaches”. In a closed trial in August, Chen was sentenced to two years in jail for incitement and interference with state procedures.
Eventually, Xu found his way back to China and was reunited with his family. He is undergoing spinal surgery following the injuries he received in his escape. The compound he was sold to for $7,500, Galaxy World, has now been shut down by authorities.
“Although they might not be able to catch the big boss behind it, they were able to catch some bad people and clean up the criminal activities in the compound, so this is good news,” he says.Advertisement
Over the past 18 months casinos, dormitory blocks, luxury hotels and remote office complexes across Cambodia and the wider region – many linked to powerful political figures – have become host to criminal operations running crypto, investment, and gaming scams. People from all over the world are lured by the promise of work, then forced to defraud strangers with threats of beatings, torture, and electrocution should they not comply. Initial calls for help triggered a handful of rescues, but as time went on, Cambodian authorities began dismissing reports of trafficking and detention as labour disputes.
The World Justice Project ranks Cambodia among the worst in the world for rule of law. Analysts say that highlighting the trafficking crisis both embarrasses the government and threatens to disrupt income streams for corrupt officials. According to survivors and family members, detainees who contact authorities often disappear or face reprisals, while some who escape and go to the police are returned to their captors. Xu, who was smuggled overland from China into Vietnam and then into Cambodia through the borderland casino town of Bavet, says Cambodian police on motorbikes picked him up from the border.
“The main obstacle is that many of the Chinese that run human trafficking and scam rings in Cambodia have a lot of influence,” says Ekapop Lueangprasert, a Bangkok volunteer whose network rescues and repatriates Thai victims. “If the local Cambodian authorities hear anything about a raid from their Thai counterparts, they inform the gangs, who move the victims and confiscate their phones. Sometimes when there are raids, the rescuers find the location empty.”
The Cambodian government has acknowledged the problem, vowing to eradicate trafficking rings by the end of October. The crackdown follows mounting pressure from local media, embassies and charities. The US Treasury’s downgrade of Cambodia to “Tier 3” – the lowest rating – in its 2022 Trafficking in Persons report, put the country at risk of sanctions and reduced foreign assistance. A five-day-long raid on one business park housing illegal online gambling sites seized nearly 10,000 phones and computers, a cache of handcuffs, guns, and tasers, and led to 495 arrests.
The ones that are ringed with barbed wire fences and CCTV cameras are so clearly prisons to hold human trafficking victims
But no charges have been brought against high-level figures. Cambodian police claim several notorious sites were already abandoned or showed no evidence of crime. Meanwhile, it’s unclear whether people removed from trafficking compounds have just been moved elsewhere. On 24 October, VOD English reported that some Thai and Taiwanese victims had been transported overland to Laos and Myanmar, where large-scale scam sites are a major problem. Others may have been relocated inside Cambodia.
“The Cambodian government feels like they gain very little from these [trafficking] activities… so they will either crack down or move these gangs into more legitimate casinos where they can collect taxes and revenue from them,” says Ekapop.
While the new policy is an improvement, he says parts of Cambodia’s border are littered with compounds yet to be shut down. “You can tell by looking at the buildings. The ones that are ringed with barbed wire fences and CCTV cameras are so clearly prisons to hold human trafficking victims … I think if the Cambodian government was serious about cracking down on human trafficking it wouldn’t be too hard.”
Attempts by the authors reach out to Cambodian police and government spokespeople went unanswered.
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UNESCO and the Cambodian Villagers in Siem Reap
This time, I am reminded of an article I wrote about “The Repute of Angkor Wat” in 2002. Once, the Siamese army tried to relocate the Ta Phrom Temple to rebuild in Thailand under the order of King of Ayuthya, those armies were beheaded and let them back a few to report to the King that all Khmer ruins were not abandoned as perceived. Few survival armies mentioned the swift and brave Angkor warriors whose villagers living in the nearby areas, appeared from the forest with horses and swords killed the Siamese armies in a sudden.
Bad rumours or news on Angkor Wat resulted in many catastrophes such as the burning of Thai embassy in 2004. When a Phnom Penh newspaper falsely reported that a popular Thai actress claimed that Angkor Wat belonged to Thailand, Cambodians rioted in the capital, destroying the Thai Embassy and dozens of Thai-owned businesses (Los Angeles Time).
UNESCO’s Authenticity
Prof. Dr. Ang Chulean, who were first President of Apsara Authority, and later were believed left the post because of his critical opinion against the building of toilets surrounding Angkor ruins complex, articulated the important villages and people living surrounding the complex. Those people and villages must not be relocated and demolished. In his interview with Thmey Thmey local online newspaper, he called those people and villages the “life heritage” reflecting the contrast to of those stone-castle heritage of Angkor Wat and nearby ruins.
Actually, the UNESCO’s Articles on Angkor Protection under World Heritage Scheme in the initial legal adoption chaired by King Norodom Sihanouk, descripted the important of having villagers settled around the ruins decades or centuries ago.
According to UNESCO’s online documentation, the Angkor Wat and nearby ruins heritage clearly unspoken of the dismantling and relocating villagers in order to avoid maintaining “status” as “world cultural heritage” listing with the UNESCO like what Prime Minister Hun Sen mentioned at all.
Current Scheme
With the repeating escalating speech to relocating villagers surrounding Angkor Wat and nearby ruins by Prime Minister Hun Sen, over 3000 people rallied to Banteay Srey commune headquarter in October 6-7-8-9, to protest against these relocating attempts. Villagers whom feared of reprisal and traumatized by egregious political intimidations, conducted both anonymous protests through social media and come out to the streets with face masked on, demanding the authority not to relocate them by allowing them to live peacefully in their inheriting property such as homes and lands; they reject any cost of compensation to relocate them; they reject negotiation with the authority; they are desiring only to live peacefully in their inheriting lands and homes passed to them many generations; they are proud of their ancestors leaving them current plot of land, etc.
At least 15 villages named in their banner rejecting to be relocated and accept to die protecting their inheriting plot of land 
An anonymous protest via social media posting their inheriting home passed by generations
According to Hun Sen, Ron Ta Ek new development is a new plot of land for those villagers to relocate to. Looking closely, the villagers most of them are new settlers to the ruins vicinity, accepted the small amount of compensation and monthly social service money (named poor certificate card), to live in Ron Ta Ek two years ago, hence the area itself is not visibly developed and most of the villagers are not living there, major homes are abandoned. They have come back to live where they can afford income and employment, or migrated to work in Thailand.
In contrast, like Sihanouk Ville or other special economic zone (SMDs) entire Cambodia, Cambodian tycoons and Chinese companies have worked with powerful Cambodian shareholders in the secrete and bribery deals to relocate villagers in the name of development. For Siem Reap, according to this news outlet, NagaCorp which is the notorious beneficiaries of Naga World Casino, is going to invest over 350 millions dollars covering lands of 75 hectare in the 500m distance surrounding Angkor Wat and ruins complex.
Future Recommendations
- Abdicate the policy of development for the riches, or use development schemes as excuse to lure Cambodian citizens to be prey and dismantle their livelihood existence as well as family harmony.
- Be confident on the UNESCO’s policy as well as United Nations’; all developments are placing human rights and human dignity first, not profit or partisan first at all.
- Cambodian citizens must stand firm, from lessons learnt entire Cambodia, no body can help us beside ourselves. All Siem Reapers must stand up against all injustice and relocation policy, not only today, this month, but keep close pre-alert forever.
- Use community media (social media, cell phones, youtube, twitter, etc.) effectively to protect your own interests.
Article by Sophoan Seng, October 15, 2022, @copyrights