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សេចក្តីជឿជាក់លើខ្លួនឯង
បញ្ជាក់ខ្លួនឯងជាឱឡារឹក
១.ខ្ញុំឧទ្ទិសដើរលើវិថីរបស់ខ្ញុំ ដោយមានឬគ្មានអ្នកដទៃ។
I am committed to my path, with or without others.
២.ខ្ញុំមានសម្ភារៈជំនួយនៅក្នុងខ្លួនយកជំនះលើរឿងនេះ។
I have the tools within me to get through this.
៣.ខ្ញុំបន្តទៅមុខនៅក្នុងស្ថានភាពនេះ។
I am moving towards in this situation.
៤.នេះជាសិទ្ធិដ៏សក្តិសិទ្ធរបស់ខ្ញុំដើម្បីទទួលយកនិងជឿលើខ្លួនឯង។
It is my divine rights to accept and believe in myself.
៥.ខ្ញុំគឺល្អិតសុខុម មិនអាចកាត់ថ្លៃបាន និងប្រកបដោយគុណតំលៃខ្ពស់។
I am unique, invaluable, and worthy.
សំណួរ-ចំលើយ ប្រឡងវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តនយោបាយ
សំណួរប្រឡងវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តនយោបាយ
សំណួរ-ចំលើយ ប្រឡងវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តនយោបាយ រៀបរៀងដោយលោកសេង សុភ័ណ
១-ចួរពន្យល់ពីទស្សនៈទូទៅជុំវិញអត្ថន័យនយោបាយ?
-នយោបាយគឺជាឧបាយក្នុងការកែច្នៃធនធានជាតិ(nation wealth) និងការអនុវត្តន៍ប្រព័ន្ធច្បាប់(national legal system)ដើម្បីផ្តល់សេវាកម្មល្អបំផុតដល់ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋនិងប្រទេសជាតិ។ ឧត្តមគតិអ្នកនយោបាយគឺជាឧត្តមគតិកសាងគំរូល្អសម្រាប់អនុជនជំនាន់ក្រោយនៅពេលខ្លួនកំពុងមានអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រង។
នយោបាយមិនមែនជាគំនិតរវើរវាយថាជារឿងរបស់វណ្ណៈអ្នកគ្រប់គ្រងដែលត្រូវតែប្រើអំណាចដើម្បីគ្រប់គ្រងប្រទេស ដើម្បីរៀបចំសណ្តាប់ធ្នាប់ក្នុងប្រទេស ដើម្បីប្រមូលធនធានក្នុងការអភិវឌ្ឍប្រទេស ហើយក៏ជាតួនាទីរបស់អ្នកនៅក្រោមការគ្រប់គ្រងដែលត្រូវតែស្តាប់បង្គាប់ និងប្រតិបត្តិតាមដោយម៉ឺងម៉ាត់នូវវិន័យ និងច្បាប់ នោះទេ ពីព្រោះទាំងអ្នកអភិរក្សនិយម(conservatives) ទាំងអ្នកសេរីនិយម(liberals) និងអ្នកទំនើបកម្មនិយម(modernists) សុទ្ធសឹងតែសំឡឹងឃើញនយោបាយជាវិធីសាស្ត្រឈានទៅរកការផ្លាស់ប្តូរជាវិជ្ជមានក្នុងសង្គម(positive changes in a society)។ ហើយនយោបាយមិនមែនជារឿងស្វែងរកអំណាចដើម្បីប្រើអំណាចទាំងនោះដោយខ្វះទំនួលខុសត្រូវនោះទេ ហើយក៏មិនមែនជាការស្វែងរកផលប្រយោជន៍សម្រាប់ខ្លួនឯងតាមការយល់ឃើញរបស់មហាជនមួយចំនួននោះដែរ ព្រោះការយល់ឃើញបែបនេះអាស្រ័យដោយអ្នកទាំងនោះធ្លាប់បានទទួលរងសម្ពាធពីនយោបាយបុគ្គលដែលមានជំនឿបែបនេះ មានអារម្មណ៍ស្អប់ខ្ពើមនយោបាយ ហើយមិនចង់ចូលរួមពាក់ព័ន្ធតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ។
តាមទស្សនៈប្រជាជនសាមញ្ញដែលឆ្លងកាត់ប្រវត្តិនយោបាយខុសនិងនយោបាយអមនុស្សធម៌ យល់ឃើញថា នយោបាយគឺជាការបោកប្រាស់ និងជាការងារខ្មៅកខ្វក់។ តែតាមពិតប្រជាជនសាមញ្ញទាំងអស់នោះគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃទំនួលខុសត្រូវនយោបាយខុសនិងនយោបាយអមនុស្សធម៍ទៅតាមច្បាប់កិច្ចសន្យាសង្គមនយោបាយ។
- អ្នកប្រាជ្ញដ៏ល្បីឈ្មោះផ្នែកនយោបាយគឺលោកហ្សង់ហ្សាក់ រ៉ូសូ(Jean-Jacques Rousseau) បានអោយនិយមន័យនយោបាយថានយោបាយគឺជាកិច្ចសន្យាសង្គម(social contract)ដែលអ្នកមានអំណាចនិងប្រជាជនមិនអាចផ្តាច់ចេញពីគ្នាបានទេ ពួកគេគឺជាចលករនយោបាយមួយបង្កើតអោយមានវប្បធម៌នយោបាយនៃការធានាដល់សិទ្ធិសេរីភាព(rights and freedom) សមភាព(equality) យុត្តិធម៌(justice) និងប្រយោជន៍សុខដល់សាធារណៈ(public goods) ដោយមិនរើសមុខ។
- ២-តើវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តនយោបាយមានប្រភពសំខាន់ៗអ្វីខ្លះ?
- ១- ទស្សនៈនយោបាយ
- ក- ប្រវត្តិនៃគំនិតនយោបាយ
- ខ- ទស្សនៈនយោបាយ
- ២- ស្ថាប័ននយោបាយ
- ក- រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ
- ខ- រដ្ឋាភិបាលកណ្តាល
- គ- រដ្ឋាភិបាលក្នុងតំបន់ និងមូលដ្ឋាន
- ឃ- រដ្ឋបាលសាធារណៈ និង គោលនយោបាយសាធារណៈ
- ង- មុខងារនៃសេដ្ឋកិច្ច និង សមាសភាពនៃរដ្ឋាភិបាល
- ច- ការប្រៀបធៀប និង ការវិភាគនៃស្ថាប័ននយោបាយ
- ៣- ក្រុមគណបក្ស និង មតិយោបល់សង្គម
- ក- គណបក្សនយោបាយ
- ខ- ក្រុមមនុស្ស និង សមាគម
- គ- ការចូលរួមរបស់ប្រជាជនក្នុងរដ្ឋាភិបាល និង រដ្ឋបាល
- ឃ- មតិយោបល់របស់សង្គម
- ៤- ទំនាក់ទំនងអន្តរជាតិ
- ក- ទស្សនៈនៃទំនាក់ទំនងអន្តរជាតិ
- ខ- នយោបាយអន្តរជាតិ
- គ- ច្បាប់អន្តរជាតិ
- ឃ- នយោបាយ និង អង្គការអន្តរជាតិ
- ១- ទស្សនៈនយោបាយ
- ៣-ចូរពន្យល់ពីពុទ្ធិនយោបាយមានប្រភពសំខាន់អ្វីខ្លះ?
- -ពុទ្ធិនយោបាយមានសារៈសំខាន់២គឺ សម្រាប់បុគ្គល និង សម្រាប់សង្គមទាំងមូល :
- សម្រាប់បុគ្គល
- -ដើម្បីចូលរួមនិងស្វែងយល់អ្នកនយោបាយចេះអោយតំលៃមនុស្ស គោរពសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស និងអ្នកនយោបាយដែលយកប្រជាពលរដ្ឋគ្រាន់តែជាឈ្នាន់ដើម្បីអំណាចនិងលាភសក្ការៈខ្លួន
- -ដើម្បីចេះវិភាគ និង កំណត់ច្បាស់លាស់ថា អ្នកណាជានយោបាយបោកបញ្ឆោត
- -ដើម្បីឱ្យមានគតិយុត្តចូលរួមក្នុងការបោះឆ្នោត ការស្ទង់ប្រជាមតិដើម្បីផ្តល់ការរិៈស្ថាបនាចំពោះការងាររដ្ឋអំណាច និង នីតិវិធីប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ
- -ដើម្បីឱ្យយល់ដឹងនូវដំណើរការនយោបាយកំពុងតែឋិតលើផ្លូវត្រូវ ឬ ផ្លូវខុស
- -ដើម្បីឱ្យចេះជ្រើសរើសយករបបគ្រប់គ្រងណាមួយសម្រាប់ខ្លួនឯង កូនចៅខ្លួន និង ប្រទេសជាតិ។
- សម្រាប់សង្គមទាំងមូល : នៅពេលប្រជាជនមានចំណេះដឹងផ្នែកនយោបាយ ពួកគេនឹងមានភាពស្មោះត្រង់ចំពោះជាតិ និង កិច្ចការរួមរបស់សង្គម ស្ថិតក្នុងមនសិការស្នេហាជាតិ ជាពលរដ្ឋមានសេរីភាព និង មានការទទួលខុសត្រូវខ្ពស់ចំពោះទង្វើរបស់ខ្លួន ហើយដែលមិនបណ្តោយខ្លួនឱ្យធ្លាក់ទៅក្នុងកណ្តាប់ដៃរបស់ជនអត្តទត្ថបុគ្គល និង អ្នកនយោបាយអសមត្ថភាព ។
- សម្រាប់បុគ្គល
- -ពុទ្ធិនយោបាយមានសារៈសំខាន់២គឺ សម្រាប់បុគ្គល និង សម្រាប់សង្គមទាំងមូល :
- ៤-ចូរពន្យល់នយោបាយជាសិល្បៈនៃការរស់នៅជាមួយគ្នាក្នុងសង្គម?
- -សិល្បៈនៃការរស់នៅជាមួយគ្នាក្នុងសង្គម គឺជាទស្សនៈរបស់លោក ផ្លាតុង ដែលគាត់មានទស្សនៈថា នយោបាយគឺជា កិច្ចការស្តីអំពីការរៀបចំធ្វើឱ្យជីវិតរស់នៅរបស់មនុស្សក្នុងសង្គមមានភាពរលូនក្នុងការរស់នៅជាមួយគ្នា។ មនុស្សទាំងឡាយមានលក្ខណៈខុសៗគ្នាទាំងអស់ ខ្លះពេញលក្ខណៈ ខ្លះមិនពេញលក្ខណៈ ខ្លះទៀតអត្តទត្ថបុគ្គល ពួកគេទាំងអស់នោះពិបាកនឹងរស់នៅជាមួយគ្នាណាស់។ ក៏ប៉ុន្តែក្នុងពេលជាមួយគ្នានោះ គេត្រូវការគ្នាទៅវិញទោមក និងជាក្រិតក្រម ពួកគេមិនអាចរស់នៅឯកោបានឡើយ គឺពួកគេត្រូវរស់នៅជាមួយគ្នាក្នុងសង្គម។ នយោបាយជួយឱ្យពួកគេធ្វើអ្វីៗប្រកបដោយសុភវិនិច្ឆ័យ មនុស្សធម៌ គោរពច្បាប់ ក្រមសីលធម៌ និង បែបជឿនលឿន។
- ៥-ចូរពន្យល់ពីការចូលរួមក្នុងសកម្មភាពនយោបាយ?
- -ការចូលរួមក្នុងសកម្មភាពនយោបាយគឺជាកាតព្វកិច្ចរបស់ប្រជាជន សមាគម អង្គការ គណបក្សនយោបាយ ដើម្បីទាមទារឱ្យបាននូវគោលបំណងរបស់ខ្លួន ដោយឈរលើមូលដ្ឋានច្បាប់ សិទ្ធិ សេរីភាព ចំណេះដឹង លទ្ធភាព និង សមត្ថភាព។ ការចូលរួមក្នុងសកម្មភាពនយោបាយពីសំណាក់ ប្រជាជន និង អង្គការនានា មានសារៈសំខាន់ណាស់ ដែលជាលទ្ធផលបានបង្ហាញឱ្យឃើញនូវសមិទ្ធិផល និង ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរជាច្រើនក្នុងប្រទេសរបស់ពួកគេ។ ការចូលរួមក្នុងសកម្មភាពនយោបាយនេះបណ្តាលមកពី ប្រជាជនចង់បានមេដឹកនាំល្អ មានការឈឺចាប់ ការមិនពេញចិត្តពីសំណាក់អំណាចនយោបាយណាមួយ និង ដើម្បីបំពេញតួនាទីជាពលរដ្ឋល្អ។ ប៉ុន្តែក៏មានប្រជាជនមួយចំនួនស្អប់ខ្ពើម មិនចង់ចូលរួមក្នុងសកម្មភាពនយោបាយផងដែរ ដោយសារពួក គេ គ្មានចំណេះដឹង គ្មានសេចក្តីក្លាហាន គ្មានពុទ្ធិនយោបាយ គ្មានមូលដ្ឋានគាំទ្រច្បាស់លាស់ និង ជាពិសេសធ្លាប់ជាជនរងគ្រោះនយោបាយ។ ជាឧទាហរណ៍ ពួកគេអាចឆ្លងកាត់សង្គ្រាមនិងវាលពិឃាតដែលនាំអោយបាក់ស្មារតីឬមានជំងឺបាក់ស្បាតភីធីអេសឌី(PTSD)ជាដើម។
No glimmers of democratic hope allowed in Cambodia
No glimmers of democratic hope allowed in Cambodia
Op-Ed: Asia Time
PM Hun Sen threatening to ban opposition Candlelight Party ahead of 2023 elections in repressive redux of CNRP’s forced dissolution
By DAVID HUTTNOVEMBER 8, 2022
“I expect that Cambodia will hold off on the possible dissolution of the Candlelight Party until after the East Asia Summit to ensure that the Biden-Hun Sen meeting goes smoothly,” said Charles Dunst, an associate at The Asia Group, a Washington-based strategic advisory firm.
Yet there are also questions about how prepared the US would be to respond in the event of the opposition party’s dissolution.
As Prime Minister Hun Sen’s ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) threatens to ban its latest opposition rival ahead of next year’s elections, the United States and European Union can be expected to toughen their existing sanctions on the nation’s democratic backsliding.
Western democracies imposed limited economic sanctions and other punitive measures against several Cambodian officials in response to the 2017 forced dissolution of the main opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) on dubious legal grounds.
Despite new engagement this year and with US President Joe Biden visiting Phnom Penh for the first time next week for a regional summit, Cambodia’s long-ruling prime minister has escalated his rhetorical attacks on the newly-reformed Candlelight Party, which emerged as the largest rival group at June’s local elections.
Hun Sen, who has been in power since 1985, has said the party could be banned ahead of next year’s general election because of its alleged links with exiled opposition figure Sam Rainsy, the Candlelight Party’s former leader.
Rainsy has been sentenced in absentia to numerous political charges and Hun Sen has prevented his attempts to return to the country from self-exile in France. The Candlelight Party denies any current links with him, despite being known as the Sam Rainsy Party until 2018.
The party was mostly disbanded in 2012 after Rainsy and most of its members merged with another opposition group to form the CNRP, which was forcibly dissolved on spurious accusations of plotting a US-backed coup.
“Any political party that links itself to the convict [Rainsy] will receive a complaint about it to the court. If a political party dares to attach itself to Sam Rainsy, they may face dissolution,” Hun Sen said on October 17.
A week later, he followed up with a more direct threat after Rainsy posted content on social media that allegedly defamed Cambodia’s monarch. “I want the Candlelight Party to clarify its stand on Sam Rainsy’s statement claiming the King has no conscience,” he stated, according to local media reports.
He added: “It isn’t a small story, and [it’s] not a joke…The Candlelight Party members must immediately defect to avoid any problem [because Sam Rainsy’s supporters in the party] want to topple the government and monarchy.”
Even before Hun Sen’s latest threats, the ruling CPP and the National Election Commission, a CPP-stacked body, sued the Candlelight Party’s vice-president Son Chhay for defamation over his comments made about irregularities at June’s local election. He was found guilty and ordered to pay around US$750,000 to the claimants in early October.
Hun Sen has slightly toned down his rhetoric in recent days after the Candlelight Party put out a public statement again denying association with Rainsy and critiquing his comments about the monarchy.
“If they had not done so, they would be facing problems. I stress again – no one shall link with that traitor,” Hun Sen said on October 29.
However, Hun Sen’s latest comments still carry the threat of dissolution and the country’s CPP-stacked courts would likely readily accept his legal justification for the party’s dissolution, even if the leader cannot provide any corroborating evidence, analysts say.
Kem Sokha, the CNRP president at the time of its ban, was arrested for treason in 2017 and his trial is ongoing, despite the prosecutors presenting very little evidence to substantiate the coup claims during hearings.
Read More …Cambodia’s modern slavery nightmare: the human trafficking crisis overlooked by authorities
Cambodia’s modern slavery nightmare: the human trafficking crisis overlooked by authorities
Op-Ed: The Guardians
Despite promises by government to eradicate trafficking rings, people are still being sold in Cambodia and forced to run online scams
Lindsey Kennedy, Nathan Paul Southern and Huang Yan, Wed 2 Nov 2022 23.59 GMT
Sihanoukville, Cambodia, and made his way to the second floor, where his friend, another victim of trafficking, was waiting. The two had hatched a desperate plan to escape the modern slavery nightmare they’d been in since Xu was sold to an online scam company in the same building three months earlier, believing a well-paid data entry job awaited him.
They jumped from the balcony onto the first floor of the building next door, hoping to climb down to the ground and run. But Xu landed badly, injuring his spine.
“It was so painful and I couldn’t stand up. My friend ran away and left me when he saw I was injured,” he says. “The managers thought I’d die so they didn’t take me back into the building, they just stood watching and laughing at me.”
Xu crawled to a road, where a Cambodian tuk-tuk driver found him and drove him to a hospital, which then transferred him to the capital, Phnom Penh. A doctor there suggested he call Chen Baorong, the Chinese founder of a volunteer organisation dedicated to rescuing people like Xu who had been duped into travelling to Cambodia’s crime-ridden casino towns with the promise of work, only to find themselves trafficked into forced labour, scamming strangers online.
Chen came at once. But before he could help Xu find a way home to China, he was arrested.Chen’s work was said to have enraged a local governor, who was quoted by local media as saying that Chen had caused “headaches”. In a closed trial in August, Chen was sentenced to two years in jail for incitement and interference with state procedures.
Eventually, Xu found his way back to China and was reunited with his family. He is undergoing spinal surgery following the injuries he received in his escape. The compound he was sold to for $7,500, Galaxy World, has now been shut down by authorities.
“Although they might not be able to catch the big boss behind it, they were able to catch some bad people and clean up the criminal activities in the compound, so this is good news,” he says.Advertisement
Over the past 18 months casinos, dormitory blocks, luxury hotels and remote office complexes across Cambodia and the wider region – many linked to powerful political figures – have become host to criminal operations running crypto, investment, and gaming scams. People from all over the world are lured by the promise of work, then forced to defraud strangers with threats of beatings, torture, and electrocution should they not comply. Initial calls for help triggered a handful of rescues, but as time went on, Cambodian authorities began dismissing reports of trafficking and detention as labour disputes.
The World Justice Project ranks Cambodia among the worst in the world for rule of law. Analysts say that highlighting the trafficking crisis both embarrasses the government and threatens to disrupt income streams for corrupt officials. According to survivors and family members, detainees who contact authorities often disappear or face reprisals, while some who escape and go to the police are returned to their captors. Xu, who was smuggled overland from China into Vietnam and then into Cambodia through the borderland casino town of Bavet, says Cambodian police on motorbikes picked him up from the border.
“The main obstacle is that many of the Chinese that run human trafficking and scam rings in Cambodia have a lot of influence,” says Ekapop Lueangprasert, a Bangkok volunteer whose network rescues and repatriates Thai victims. “If the local Cambodian authorities hear anything about a raid from their Thai counterparts, they inform the gangs, who move the victims and confiscate their phones. Sometimes when there are raids, the rescuers find the location empty.”
The Cambodian government has acknowledged the problem, vowing to eradicate trafficking rings by the end of October. The crackdown follows mounting pressure from local media, embassies and charities. The US Treasury’s downgrade of Cambodia to “Tier 3” – the lowest rating – in its 2022 Trafficking in Persons report, put the country at risk of sanctions and reduced foreign assistance. A five-day-long raid on one business park housing illegal online gambling sites seized nearly 10,000 phones and computers, a cache of handcuffs, guns, and tasers, and led to 495 arrests.
The ones that are ringed with barbed wire fences and CCTV cameras are so clearly prisons to hold human trafficking victims
But no charges have been brought against high-level figures. Cambodian police claim several notorious sites were already abandoned or showed no evidence of crime. Meanwhile, it’s unclear whether people removed from trafficking compounds have just been moved elsewhere. On 24 October, VOD English reported that some Thai and Taiwanese victims had been transported overland to Laos and Myanmar, where large-scale scam sites are a major problem. Others may have been relocated inside Cambodia.
“The Cambodian government feels like they gain very little from these [trafficking] activities… so they will either crack down or move these gangs into more legitimate casinos where they can collect taxes and revenue from them,” says Ekapop.
While the new policy is an improvement, he says parts of Cambodia’s border are littered with compounds yet to be shut down. “You can tell by looking at the buildings. The ones that are ringed with barbed wire fences and CCTV cameras are so clearly prisons to hold human trafficking victims … I think if the Cambodian government was serious about cracking down on human trafficking it wouldn’t be too hard.”
Attempts by the authors reach out to Cambodian police and government spokespeople went unanswered.
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